Evaluación de Biomarcadores PSA, PCT, CEA y HCG-β en la Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna como herramientas diagnósticas
Palabras clave:
PSA, PCT, CEA, HCG Beta, diagnóstico prostáticoResumen
La hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) es una de las enfermedades urológicas más frecuentes en hombres mayores de 50 años y constituye un importante problema de salud pública debido a su impacto en la calidad de vida y a las dificultades en el diagnóstico diferencial con el cáncer de próstata. Tradicionalmente, el antígeno prostático específico (PSA) ha sido el biomarcador más utilizado para la evaluación de estas patologías; sin embargo, su baja especificidad puede conducir a sobrediagnósticos y procedimientos invasivos innecesarios. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la utilidad de biomarcadores emergentes como la procalcitonina (PCT), el antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA) y la subunidad beta de la gonadotropina coriónica humana (HCG-β) como herramientas complementarias al PSA en el diagnóstico diferencial de HPB y cáncer de próstata. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 369 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Japonés de Santa Cruz, Bolivia, distribuidos en tres grupos: HPB, cáncer de próstata y controles sanos. Los biomarcadores se analizaron mediante inmunoensayo por quimioluminiscencia (CLIA) con el sistema automatizado Maglumi 800. Los resultados mostraron que el PSA mantuvo la mayor capacidad discriminativa (AUC=0,996), mientras que la PCT alcanzó un rendimiento moderado (AUC=0,733) y la HCG-β evidenció diferencias significativas entre cáncer y HPB, aunque con alta variabilidad. El CEA, en cambio, no mostró significancia estadística entre los grupos. En conclusión, la combinación de PSA con biomarcadores emergentes podría mejorar la precisión diagnóstica y disminuir la necesidad de biopsias invasivas, aunque se requieren estudios adicionales para validar su aplicabilidad clínica y fortalecer su utilidad en la práctica médica.
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